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Complete guide

Citizenship by Naturalisation

Everything you need to know — from checking eligibility to attending the citizenship ceremony. Documents, costs, locations, and forms.

Personalise this guide for your nationality

01

Phase one

Check Your Eligibility

Before gathering a single document, confirm you meet all five criteria below. Missing any one of these will result in a rejected application.

5+ Years Permanent Residency

You must have held a valid South African Permanent Residency permit or certificate for more than five years.

Tip: Count from the date on your PR permit, not from when you first arrived in SA.

Continuous Physical Presence

You must have been physically present in South Africa for the past year before applying. Avoid absences exceeding 90 days per year during your qualifying period.

Tip: Check your passport entry/exit stamps. Extended stays outside SA could reset your qualifying period.

Good Character

You must be of good character and no outstanding criminal convictions or pending charges.

Tip: This is assessed via your police clearances — both SA and from your country of origin.

Official Language Proficiency

You must demonstrate that you can speak and understand at least one of South Africa's 11 official languages.

Tip: A letter from your employer, school, or community organisation confirming your language proficiency is sufficient.

Dual Citizenship Permission

Your home country must confirm whether it permits dual citizenship. You need official written confirmation of this from your country's embassy or high commission in South Africa.

Tip: Under the 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe permits dual citizenship only for citizens by birth; citizens by descent or registration may be required to renounce other citizenships — confirm with the Zimbabwean embassy or consulate.

02

Phase two

Gather Your Documents

Start with the longest lead times. The SA police clearance takes 4–8 weeks. Foreign documents and embassy letters can take even longer. Begin those first.

01

Permanent Residence Permit / Certificate

Your South African Permanent Residence permit or certificate showing the issue date. Note: a Proof of PR is now required for all citizenship by naturalisation applicants; if you do not have the physical certificate, obtain a Proof of PR before submitting. Proof of PR applications are handled via VFS Global for DHA services — see the VFS Global DHA service page for details.

Original + 2 certified copies

Where to get it

Already in your possession

This is the document you already hold. Make certified copies at any commissioner of oaths.

VFS Global (DHA services)

VFS Global handles Proof of PR submissions for DHA services — follow the instructions on the VFS site for documentation and appointments.

Commissioner of Oaths

Certified copies can be made at any police station, bank, post office, or legal firm with a commissioner of oaths.

Tips

  • Permanent Residence permits do not expire; use the issue date as your qualifying start date
  • A Proof of PR is required for all naturalisation applicants — if you have lost your certificate, apply for a Proof of PR before proceeding (applications are handled via VFS Global for DHA services)
  • The date on your permit is your qualifying start date — 5 years from this date
02

Foreign Passport(s)

All pages of your current and any previous passports, showing all entry and exit stamps for South Africa and other countries.

Original + certified copies of all pages (including blank pages)

Where to get it

Already in your possession

If you have had multiple passports, include all of them. The stamps prove your physical presence.

Tips

  • Include ALL passports — current and expired — to show your complete travel history
  • Do NOT remove any pages — present all pages including the blank ones
  • This is how DHA verifies you haven't been absent for more than 90 days per year
03

Unabridged Birth Certificate

Your full (unabridged) birth certificate from your country of birth. Abridged versions are not accepted by DHA.

Original + 2 certified copies

Where to get it

Zimbabwe

Apply at the Registrar General's Office in Harare, or through the Zimbabwe Embassy/Consulate in your city.

Zimbabwe Consulate Johannesburg

20 Ernest Oppenheimer Avenue, Bruma, Johannesburg

Can assist with obtaining Zimbabwean documents

Your country's High Commission/Embassy

For other nationalities, contact your country's official representation in South Africa for guidance on obtaining your birth certificate.

Tips

  • Processing time varies by country — start this early, it can take weeks or months
  • The certificate may need to be apostilled (internationally authenticated) — check with DHA
  • For documents not in English, you will need a certified translation
04

SA Police Clearance Certificate

A police clearance certificate from the South African Police Service (SAPS), issued on the SAPS 91(a) form. Must be less than 6 months old at time of submission.

Original only (no copies required)
Cost:R190
Valid for: 6 months from date of issue

Where to get it

Any SAPS Police Station (Nationwide)

Monday–Friday, 7:30am–4pm

Walk in with your ID or passport. Fingerprints taken on SAPS 91(a) form. You can ask the station to submit the application on your behalf, or submit it yourself to the SAPS Criminal Record Centre in Pretoria.

SAPS 91(a) form (PDF)

Download and print the SAPS 91(a) form for fingerprint submission if required by the police station or a private agent.

SAPS Criminal Record Centre (LCRC) – Pretoria

Bathong Plaza West Building, Pretoria CBD, Pretoria

You can submit your fingerprints directly here. Take your own prints to a police station first, then bring the completed SAPS 91(a) form to LCRC.

LexisNexis Fingerprint Hub (Private – Expedited)

Private digital fingerprinting service. Faster processing. Branches in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Bloemfontein, and more.

NeVeTeC Police Clearance Agents (Private – Nationwide)

Nationwide network of accredited agents offering police clearance services. Available in virtually all major cities and towns.

Tips

  • Start this early — the SAPS Criminal Record Centre can take 4–8 weeks to process
  • Once received, plan your application submission within 6 months
  • Private services like LexisNexis and NeVeTeC are faster but cost more
  • You must take your SA non-citizen ID or passport to the police station
05

Police Clearance from Country of Origin

Police clearance certificate(s) from every country where you have held citizenship. This confirms you have no criminal record in your home country.

Original + certified copies

Where to get it

Zimbabwe

Apply at any Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) charge office or station. You may also be able to apply through the Zimbabwe Embassy in South Africa.

Zimbabwe Consulate Johannesburg

20 Ernest Oppenheimer Avenue, Bruma, Johannesburg

May assist with ZRP police clearance application from SA

Your country's High Commission/Embassy in SA

Contact your home country's embassy for guidance on obtaining police clearance from abroad.

Tips

  • May require apostilling — check whether DHA requires authentication
  • Documents not in English must be accompanied by a certified translation
  • Processing can take several weeks — factor this into your timeline
  • If you've lived in other countries, you may need clearances from those countries too
06

Dual Citizenship Confirmation Letter

An original letter from your home country's High Commission or Embassy confirming whether your country allows or does not allow dual citizenship. This is a mandatory document regardless of the answer — DHA needs the official confirmation either way.

Original (keep copies for your own records)
Cost:Zimbabwe: R500 | Other countries: varies

Where to get it

Zimbabwe Consulate Johannesburg

20 Ernest Oppenheimer Avenue, Bruma, Johannesburg
Monday–Friday, 8am–3pm (confirm by phone)

Citizenship letter confirming Zimbabwe's position on dual citizenship. Under the 2013 Constitution, dual citizenship is permitted only for citizens by birth; citizens by descent or registration may be required to renounce other citizenships. Confirm your status and documentary requirements with the Zimbabwe Consulate.

Your country's High Commission or Embassy in SA

Contact your home country's official representation. Search for embassies in South Africa on the DIRCO website.

Tips

  • Call ahead to confirm the process — some embassies require appointments
  • Under the 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe permits dual citizenship only for citizens by birth; citizens by descent or registration may be required to renounce other citizenships — confirm with the Zimbabwean embassy or consulate
  • Keep a copy of this letter for your own records — it's an important document
  • If your country does not allow dual citizenship, DHA will guide you through the renunciation process
07

Proof of Continuous Residence

Documents proving you have lived continuously in South Africa for the year immediately before your application. Recommended: at least 2 documents per quarter.

Copies (carry originals too)

Where to get it

Already in your possession

Gather: rental agreements, utility bills (water, electricity), bank statements, salary slips, municipal rates account, cellphone contracts, subscription bills (DSTV, internet).

Tips

  • The more documents covering more dates, the stronger your case
  • Rental agreements + monthly utility bills + bank statements are ideal
  • Documents must show your name and your SA residential address
  • SA bank account statements are excellent proof — most people already have these
08

Passport-Sized Photographs

Two recent passport-sized photographs meeting DHA specifications: full face, neutral expression, white or light-coloured background.

2 photos (originals)
Cost:R40–R80 at most photo studios

Where to get it

PostNet or 3@1

Most PostNet and 3@1 branches offer passport photo services. Cost approximately R40–R60.

Post Office (South African Post Office)

Many Post Office branches offer passport photo services.

Any Photo Studio

Specialize in passport photos. Often the best quality and most knowledgeable about DHA specifications.

Tips

  • Take the photos specifically for DHA — ask for 'Home Affairs passport photos'
  • Photos must be recent — taken within the last 3 months
  • Wear neutral clothing; avoid white tops that blend with the background
09

Marriage CertificateIf you are currently married

If you are married, provide your unabridged marriage certificate.

Original + 2 certified copies

Where to get it

Department of Home Affairs

For SA marriages. Can apply for an unabridged marriage certificate at any Home Affairs office.

Your country's authority for foreign marriages

For marriages conducted outside SA, obtain from the relevant authority in that country.

Tips

  • Must be unabridged (full certificate), not the shortened abbreviated version
  • If the certificate is not in English, have it translated by a certified translator
10

Divorce Decree / OrderIf you have been divorced

If you have been divorced, provide the final divorce decree or order.

Original + 2 certified copies

Where to get it

The court that granted your divorce

Obtain a certified copy of the divorce order from the Master of the High Court or magistrate's court.

Tips

  • Ensure the final order is included, not just the summons or citation
11

Language Proficiency Evidence

Evidence that you can speak and understand at least one of South Africa's 11 official languages (Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda, or Ndebele).

Original or certified copy

Where to get it

Your employer

A simple letter from your employer on company letterhead confirming your language proficiency is sufficient.

School or educational institution

If you studied at a SA school or university, a letter from the institution.

Community or religious organisation

A letter from a church, mosque, community centre, or similar organisation where you are known.

Tips

  • A simple one-page letter from your employer is the easiest route
  • The letter should state which language you speak, your name, and how long they have known you
  • Most South African professionals speak English — a letter confirming your English is sufficient
03

Phase three

Complete the DHA Forms

You'll need to complete several Department of Home Affairs forms. Download them from the official DHA website, or use our Application Assistant to pre-fill your details.

DHA-63

Application for Certificate of Naturalisation — the primary statutory application form under the South African Citizenship Regulations.

Primary statutory form used to apply for naturalisation. See also the Government of South Africa guidance: https://www.gov.za/services/services-residents/citizenship/personal-identification/apply-for-sa-citizenship and the Citizenship Regulations: https://www.saflii.org/za/legis/consol_reg/rotsaca1995458/

DHA ↗

DHA-529

Determination of citizenship status — used by Home Affairs to confirm whether you are already a South African citizen or require further action before naturalisation.

Often required before a naturalisation application is accepted. Requirements vary by office — see guidance: https://homeaffairsguide.co.za/citizenship/determination-of-citizenship-status/

DHA ↗

DHA-757

Naturalisation questionnaire (supporting form)

Supporting naturalisation questionnaire commonly required alongside DHA-63. Complete fully and submit with your application package.

DHA ↗

BI-9

Application for South African identity document (BI-9 / DHA-9)

Required for issuance/re-issue of a South African ID following naturalisation. Bring passport photos and supporting documents as instructed by Home Affairs.

DHA ↗

SAPS 91(a)

Fingerprint submission for police clearance

Provided at SAPS police stations — used for your SA police clearance. The SAPS 91(a) form (PDF) is available to download.

SAPS ↗

Use the Application Assistant

Enter your details once and we'll generate a pre-filled summary document you can use to complete all your DHA forms accurately and consistently.

Start the Application Assistant
04

Phase four

Submit Your Application

Submit in person at any Department of Home Affairs office. Bring everything — all originals and certified copies — and pay the fees at the counter.

1

Book an appointment at your nearest Home Affairs office (recommended)

2

Arrive early — queues can be long

3

Bring ALL originals and certified copies of every document

4

Pay fees: R300 for citizenship application + R140 for new SA ID

5

Get a receipt for every payment — keep these safe

6

Request a reference number for your application

05

12–24 months

Await the Decision

Processing times vary. Expect 12–24 months due to current DHA backlogs. You may be called for an interview. Stay reachable on the contact details you provided.

  • Keep your contact details current — DHA will contact you if they need anything
  • Do not make extended travel plans outside SA during this period
  • Follow up with your Home Affairs office after 12 months if you haven't heard
  • If called for an interview, attend promptly and bring all your original documents
06

1–2 hours

Citizenship Ceremony

Upon approval, you will be invited to a formal citizenship ceremony where you take the constitutional oath of allegiance. This is your final step to becoming a South African citizen.

  • Attend the ceremony on the date notified by DHA
  • Take the oath of allegiance to the South African Constitution
  • Receive your Certificate of Naturalisation
  • Apply for your South African passport

Summary

Cost overview

ItemAmount
Citizenship application fee (DHA)R300
New SA Identity Document (BI-9)R140
SA Police Clearance CertificateR190
Zimbabwe Citizenship Confirmation LetterR500
Passport photos (2)R40–R80
Certified copies of documentsR10–R30 per copy

Ready to prepare your application?

Use the Application Assistant to pre-fill your DHA forms.

Start Application Assistant